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    Property Law Keyed to Dukeminier

    View this case in different Casebooks
    Property Keyed to SpranklingProperty Law Keyed to Kurtz

    Southern Burlington County NAACP v. Township of Mount Laurel

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    Facts

    Attached townhouses, mobile homes, and apartments are not allowed anywhere in the Defendant town under the zoning ordinance. All four residential zones provided in the town’s zoning ordinance, only permit one house per lot of single family, detached dwellings. The Court determined that the restriction to single family dwellings realistically only provides housing options for those with “at least middle income.” The record substantiated that Defendant had an affirmatively and historically developed a policy to control development density and attract selective growth. The finances had been expended solely for the benefit of upper and middle income people.

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    Case Quiz

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    Q.1 - How did the Mount Laurel II Court reinterpret the traditional police power doctrine in response to exclusionary zoning practices?
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    Incorrect. The ruling did not involve procedural due process or liberty interests.
    Correct! The Court in Mount Laurel II held that the police power is not unlimited when zoning undermines constitutional principles, particularly the obligation to provide a “realistic opportunity” for low- and moderate-income housing. This reading converted the general welfare clause into an enforceable constraint on exclusionary land use practices.
    Incorrect. Discriminatory intent was not required for constitutional invalidation.
    Incorrect. While judicial scrutiny increased, no presumption of constitutionality was preserved.
    Q.2 - Which judicial innovation in Mount Laurel II most directly restructured the enforcement landscape for constitutional housing obligations?
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    Incorrect. No fiduciary duty was imposed on planning boards.
    Incorrect. The Court’s relief was equitable, not monetary.
    Correct! The builder’s remedy allowed developers to override exclusionary ordinances when municipalities failed their obligations, making it a functional enforcement tool and a profound doctrinal shift. It extended standing and zoning authority to courts where local governments were noncompliant.
    Incorrect. The Court did not reallocate zoning authority to state commissions.
    Q.3 - From a structural constitutional perspective, which of the following best explains why Mount Laurel II retained judicial jurisdiction post-decision?
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    Correct! The Court retained jurisdiction to serve as an institutional check on municipalities, whose zoning powers had historically been exercised in ways that undermined statewide housing policy and constitutional norms. This active role emphasized judicial responsibility in correcting legislative passivity.
    Incorrect. Separation-of-powers disputes were not central to the case.
    Incorrect. Monetary penalties were not a remedy employed by the Court.
    Incorrect. Judicial immunity was never at risk or discussed.

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    Southern Burlington County NAACP v. Township of Mount Laurel