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Constitutional Law Keyed to Barnett
Roberts v. United States Jaycees
Citation:
468 U.S. 609 (1984)Facts
The United States Jaycees (Jaycees) were a nonprofit that aimed to “foster the growth and development of young men’s civic organizations in the United States.” Membership was limited to men between the ages of 18 and 35, with an “associate membership” option available to individuals who did not fit into the regular membership group, including women and older men. Associate members could not vote, hold local or national office, or participate in some leadership training and awards. However, in 1974 and 1975, the Minneapolis chapter of the Jaycees began admitting women as members. They were sanctioned by the national chapter for violating the groups rules, and eventually their chapters were revoked. The local chapters filed discrimination claims with the Minnesota Department of Human Rights, claiming that the exclusion of women from full membership violated the Minnesota Human Rights Act, which states that it is an unfair discriminatory practice to deny anyone the “full and equal enjoyment of . . . public accommodations . . . because of race, color, creed, religion, disability, national origin or sex.” While the administrative hearing was pending, the national Jaycees brought suit against state officials in the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota, arguing that if the national organization was required to accept women, the First Amendment rights of male members’ to Freedom of Speech and Freedom of Association would be violated.
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Topic Resources
Topic Outline
First AmendmentTopic Refresher Course
Introduction to Freedom SpeechTopic Charts & Notes
First Amendment Chart