StudyBuddy Pro
  • Law Study Aids
    • Case Briefs
    • Lessons
      • 1L
        • Civil Procedure
        • Constitutional Law
        • Contracts
        • Criminal Law
        • Property Law
        • Torts
      • 2L/3L
        • Business Organizations & Associations
        • Criminal Procedure
        • Evidence
        • Family Law
        • Secured Transactions
        • Wills, Trusts & Estates
    • Outlines
      • 1L
        • Civil Procedure
        • Constitutional Law
        • Contracts
        • Criminal Law
        • Property Law
        • Torts
      • 2L/3L
        • Agency
        • Business Organizations & Associations
        • Conflicts of Law
        • Corporations
        • Criminal Procedure
        • Evidence
        • Family Law
        • Intellectual Property
        • Partnerships
        • Secured Transactions
      • Exam Prep Checklists
        • Access 1L Checklists
          • Civil Procedure
          • Constitutional Law
          • Contracts
          • Criminal Law
          • Property Law
          • Torts
        • Access 2L/3L Checklists
          • Agency
          • Criminal Procedure
          • Corporations/Business Entities
          • Evidence
          • Family Law
          • Partnership
          • Trusts
          • U.C.C. ART. 9
          • Wills
    • Refresher Courses
      • 1L
        • Constitutional Law
        • Contracts Law
        • Criminal Law
        • Property Law
        • Torts Law
      • 2L/3L
        • Criminal Procedure
        • Evidence Law
    • Exam Prep Pro
      • 1L
        • Civil Procedure
        • Constitutional Law
        • Contracts
        • Criminal Law
        • Property Law
        • Torts
      • 2L/3L
        • Business Organizations & Associations
        • Conflicts of Law
        • Criminal Procedure
        • Evidence
        • Family Law
        • Secured Transactions
        • Wills, Trusts & Estates
    • Multiple Choice Quizzes
      • 1L
        • Civil Procedure
        • Constitutional Law
        • Contracts
        • Criminal Law
        • Property Law
        • Torts
      • 2L/3L
        • Business Organizations & Associations
        • Conflicts of Law
        • Criminal Procedure
        • Evidence
        • Family Law
        • Secured Transactions
        • Wills, Trusts & Estates
    • Exam Prep Workshops
      • 1L
        • Civil Procedure
        • Constitutional Law
        • Contracts
        • Criminal Law
        • Property Law
        • Torts
    • Charts and Notes
      • 1L
        • Civil Procedure
        • Constitutional Law
        • Contracts
        • Criminal Law
        • Property Law
        • Torts
      • 2L/3L
        • Criminal Procedure
        • Evidence
  • Courses
    • 1L Prep Course
  • Solutions
    • Professors and Institutions
    Generic selectors
    Exact matches only
    Search in title
    Search in content
    Post Type Selectors
    Advanced Search | Notes Search
    Start My FREE 7-DAY Trial
    Log In
    StuddyBuddy Pro
    Apple
    Facebook
    Google

    Forgot Password?

    Forgot Password?

    Forgotten Password

    Cancel

    Generic selectors
    Exact matches only
    Search in title
    Search in content
    Post Type Selectors

    • Law Study Aids
      • Case Briefs
      • Lessons
        • 1L
          • Civil Procedure
          • Constitutional Law
          • Contracts
          • Criminal Law
          • Property Law
          • Torts
        • 2L/3L
          • Business Organizations & Associations
          • Criminal Procedure
          • Evidence
          • Family Law
          • Secured Transactions
          • Wills, Trusts & Estates
      • Outlines
        • 1L
          • Civil Procedure
          • Constitutional Law
          • Contracts
          • Criminal Law
          • Property Law
          • Torts
        • 2L/3L
          • Agency
          • Business Organizations & Associations
          • Conflicts of Law
          • Corporations
          • Criminal Procedure
          • Evidence
          • Family Law
          • Intellectual Property
          • Partnerships
          • Secured Transactions
        • Exam Prep Checklists
          • Access 1L Checklists
            • Civil Procedure
            • Constitutional Law
            • Contracts
            • Criminal Law
            • Property Law
            • Torts
          • Access 2L/3L Checklists
            • Agency
            • Criminal Procedure
            • Corporations/Business Entities
            • Evidence
            • Family Law
            • Partnership
            • Trusts
            • U.C.C. ART. 9
            • Wills
      • Refresher Courses
        • 1L
          • Constitutional Law
          • Contracts Law
          • Criminal Law
          • Property Law
          • Torts Law
        • 2L/3L
          • Criminal Procedure
          • Evidence Law
      • Exam Prep Pro
        • 1L
          • Civil Procedure
          • Constitutional Law
          • Contracts
          • Criminal Law
          • Property Law
          • Torts
        • 2L/3L
          • Business Organizations & Associations
          • Conflicts of Law
          • Criminal Procedure
          • Evidence
          • Family Law
          • Secured Transactions
          • Wills, Trusts & Estates
      • Multiple Choice Quizzes
        • 1L
          • Civil Procedure
          • Constitutional Law
          • Contracts
          • Criminal Law
          • Property Law
          • Torts
        • 2L/3L
          • Business Organizations & Associations
          • Conflicts of Law
          • Criminal Procedure
          • Evidence
          • Family Law
          • Secured Transactions
          • Wills, Trusts & Estates
      • Exam Prep Workshops
        • 1L
          • Civil Procedure
          • Constitutional Law
          • Contracts
          • Criminal Law
          • Property Law
          • Torts
      • Charts and Notes
        • 1L
          • Civil Procedure
          • Constitutional Law
          • Contracts
          • Criminal Law
          • Property Law
          • Torts
        • 2L/3L
          • Criminal Procedure
          • Evidence
    • Courses
      • 1L Prep Course
    • Solutions
      • Professors and Institutions
    Start My FREE 7-DAY Trial
    Log In Sign up
    StuddyBuddy Pro
    Apple
    Facebook
    Google

    Forgot Password?

    Forgot Password?

    Forgotten Password

    Cancel
    SmartBrief enables case brief popups that define Key Terms, Doctrines, Acts, Statutes, Amendments and Treatises used in this case.

    SmartBrief

    A.I Enhanced Margin Brief to quickly recall case brief A.I Enhanced Margin Brief to quickly recall case brief 0

    Sections to print





    To print, please Start a Free Trial or Log in.

    Confirm favorite deletion?

    Cancel Yes, Delete

    Contracts Keyed to Fuller

    View this case in different Casebooks
    Contracts Keyed to KnappContracts Keyed to SummersContracts Keyed to Templin

    Dougherty v. Salt

    Citation:

    Dougherty v. Salt, New York Court of Appeals, 1919. 227 N.Y. 200, 125 N.E. 94.
    Start Your Free Trial or Log in.

    Facts

    Charley Dougherty (plaintiff), an eight-year-old boy, received from his aunt’s (defendant) testatrix a promissory note for $3,000 payable at her death or before. The note came into existence when the aunt visited her nephew, and informed her nephew’s guardian that she desired to take care of him. She asked her nephew’s guardian if she could do so by making a promissory note out to him. The guardian approved, and the aunt proceeded to direct the guardian to draft the note. The aunt signed the note, and handed it to her nephew stating “You have always done for me, and I have signed this note for you. Now, do not lose it. Some day it will be valuable.” Subsequently, the plaintiff sought to enforce the note.

    Only StudyBuddy Pro offers the complete Case Brief Anatomy*

    Access the most important case brief elements for optimal case understanding.

    *Case Brief Anatomy includes: Brief Prologue, Complete Case Brief, Brief Epilogue

    • The Brief Prologue provides necessary case brief introductory information and includes:
    • Topic:

      Identifies the topic of law and where this case fits within your course outline.
    • Parties:

      Identifies the cast of characters involved in the case.
    • Procedural Posture & History:

      Shares the case history with how lower courts have ruled on the matter.
    • Case Key Terms, Acts, Doctrines, etc.:

      A case specific Legal Term Dictionary.
    • Case Doctrines, Acts, Statutes, Amendments and Treatises:

      Identifies and Defines Legal Authority used in this case.
    Start Your Free Trial or Log in.
    • The Case Brief is the complete case summarized and authored in the traditional Law School I.R.A.C. format. The Pro case brief includes:
    • Brief Facts:

      A Synopsis of the Facts of the case.
    • Rule of Law:

      Identifies the Legal Principle the Court used in deciding the case.
    • Facts:

      What are the factual circumstances that gave rise to the civil or criminal case? What is the relationship of the Parties that are involved in the case.
    • Issue(s):

      Lists the Questions of Law that are raised by the Facts of the case.
    • Holding:

      Shares the Court's answer to the legal questions raised in the issue.
    • Concurring / Dissenting Opinions:

      Includes valuable concurring or dissenting opinions and their key points.
    • Reasoning and Analysis:

      Identifies the chain of argument(s) which led the judges to rule as they did.
    Start Your Free Trial or Log in.
    • The Brief Prologue closes the case brief with important forward-looking discussion and includes:
    • Policy:

      Identifies the Policy if any that has been established by the case.
    • Court Direction:

      Shares where the Court went from here for this case.
    Start Your Free Trial or Log in.

    Case Quiz

    Retake Attempts
    Question 1 of 3

    Results

    0 of 3 Questions answered correctly.

    Results

    Quiz complete. Results are being recorded.
    Q.1 - Which doctrinal boundary does Dougherty v. Salt enforce between enforceable promises and gifts, particularly in terms of Cardozo's treatment of ceremonial formalism?
    Start Your Free Trial or Log in.
    Incorrect. Moral obligation alone cannot substitute for legal consideration.
    Incorrect. Intent to benefit does not create a legal obligation without reciprocal exchange.
    Correct! The Court held that formal elements like writing and delivery do not override the requirement of bargained-for exchange, rejecting ceremonial formalism as a substitute for substantive consideration. Cardozo emphasized that gifts must remain outside the sphere of enforceable contract unless mutual inducement exists.
    Incorrect. Promissory estoppel was not applied to minor recipients in this case.
    Q.2 - In rejecting the enforceability of the promissory note, how does the court implicitly critique the sufficiency of boilerplate language like "value received" in determining contractual obligation?
    Start Your Free Trial or Log in.
    Correct! The court recognized that stock phrases like “value received” are insufficient to establish consideration without factual support of an exchange, emphasizing substance over boilerplate. This aligns with Cardozo’s realist skepticism toward legal fictions in contract formation.
    Incorrect. The court explicitly rejected the presumption of consideration from such language.
    Incorrect. No agreement was formed, and mutuality of obligation was absent.
    Incorrect. The court refused to enforce the promise based on formality alone.
    Q.3 - What theoretical principle underlies Justice Cardozo’s decision in refusing to enforce the aunt’s promise, despite her manifest donative intent and formal documentation?
    Start Your Free Trial or Log in.
    Incorrect. The decision did not hinge on reliance or estoppel.
    Correct! Cardozo’s decision reflected a commitment to objectivity and economic rationale, warning that courts cannot enforce promises grounded solely in sentiment or moral duty. The judgment preserves the boundary between moral generosity and legal enforceability.
    Incorrect. The minor status of the plaintiff was not determinative in the enforceability analysis.
    Incorrect. Delivery alone does not supply missing consideration.

    MarginBrief™ Case overview for optimal recall

    A.I Enhanced Margin Brief to quickly recall case brief
    A.I Enhanced Margin Brief to quickly recall case brief

    Generating...

    Facts:

    Quickly review the Facts of this case including its key ideas for optimal understanding and recall.

    Quickly review the Facts of this case including its key ideas for optimal understanding and recall.

    Issue:

    Utilize our powerful A.I. tools to easily capture and understand the Issue in this case.

    Utilize our powerful A.I. tools to easily capture and understand the Issue in this case.

    Rule:

    Easily understand the Rule in this case so you have a complete and thorough appreciation for overall case concepts completely tying together what occurred, the court’s questions and the case outcome.

    Easily understand the Rule in this case so you have a complete and thorough appreciation for overall case concepts completely tying together what occurred, the court’s questions and the case outcome.

    Start Your Free Trial or Log in.

    Topic Resources

    ™ CaseCast

    Melissa A. Hale

    ProfessorMelissa A. Hale

    CaseCast™ "What you need to know"

    CaseCast™ –  "What you need to know"

    play_circle_filled
    pause_circle_filled
    Dougherty v. Salt
    volume_down
    volume_up
    volume_off
    To continue listening to this CaseCast™ please Subscribe

    Topic Video

    Dougherty v. Salt12m 9s
    See complete Lesson, Quizzes and More

    Topic Outline

    Formation of Contracts

    Topic Refresher Course

    Consideration and Promissory Estoppel

    Status:

    Your Law School
    Success Begins Here

    • Case Briefs - the Socratic Savior! – Best in class and Largest Library of complete I.R.A.C. / C.R.E.A.C. Law School case briefs. Includes:
      • SmartBriefs® - Enhanced case briefs for optimal clarity
      • New Case Videos - Explained and Summarized for optimal case understanding
      • CaseCast® - Professor overviews of "What you need to know"
      • New MarginBrief® - A.I. - Powered for faster, more efficient case recall
    • Lessons - Professor delivered video for topic reinforcement
    • Outlines - Professor written - downloadable, amendable and includes test-taking tips and tools
    • New Case Quiz - Reinforce case principles, instantly scored
    • Refresher Courses - Quick course reviews with interactive exercises
    • Quizzes and Exams - over 5,000 Multiple Choice and Essay questions all Professor curated and answered
    • New My Reviewer™ - Instantly receive a Score, Critique and Feedback on your legal writing
    • Exam Prep Workshops - Delivered by Professors on how to disect, organize and answer law school exam questions
    • and so much more ...
    Start your FREE Trial

    Notepad Click anywhere in notepad to add a note

    Dougherty v. Salt