StudyBuddy Pro
  • Law Study Aids
    • Case Briefs
    • Lessons
      • 1L
        • Civil Procedure
        • Constitutional Law
        • Contracts
        • Criminal Law
        • Property Law
        • Torts
      • 2L/3L
        • Business Organizations & Associations
        • Criminal Procedure
        • Evidence
        • Family Law
        • Secured Transactions
        • Wills, Trusts & Estates
    • Outlines
      • 1L
        • Civil Procedure
        • Constitutional Law
        • Contracts
        • Criminal Law
        • Property Law
        • Torts
      • 2L/3L
        • Agency
        • Business Organizations & Associations
        • Conflicts of Law
        • Corporations
        • Criminal Procedure
        • Evidence
        • Family Law
        • Intellectual Property
        • Partnerships
        • Secured Transactions
      • Exam Prep Checklists
        • Access 1L Checklists
          • Civil Procedure
          • Constitutional Law
          • Contracts
          • Criminal Law
          • Property Law
          • Torts
        • Access 2L/3L Checklists
          • Agency
          • Criminal Procedure
          • Corporations/Business Entities
          • Evidence
          • Family Law
          • Partnership
          • Trusts
          • U.C.C. ART. 9
          • Wills
    • Refresher Courses
      • 1L
        • Constitutional Law
        • Contracts Law
        • Criminal Law
        • Property Law
        • Torts Law
      • 2L/3L
        • Criminal Procedure
        • Evidence Law
    • Exam Prep Pro
      • 1L
        • Civil Procedure
        • Constitutional Law
        • Contracts
        • Criminal Law
        • Property Law
        • Torts
      • 2L/3L
        • Business Organizations & Associations
        • Conflicts of Law
        • Criminal Procedure
        • Evidence
        • Family Law
        • Secured Transactions
        • Wills, Trusts & Estates
    • Multiple Choice Quizzes
      • 1L
        • Civil Procedure
        • Constitutional Law
        • Contracts
        • Criminal Law
        • Property Law
        • Torts
      • 2L/3L
        • Business Organizations & Associations
        • Conflicts of Law
        • Criminal Procedure
        • Evidence
        • Family Law
        • Secured Transactions
        • Wills, Trusts & Estates
    • Exam Prep Workshops
      • 1L
        • Civil Procedure
        • Constitutional Law
        • Contracts
        • Criminal Law
        • Property Law
        • Torts
    • Charts and Notes
      • 1L
        • Civil Procedure
        • Constitutional Law
        • Contracts
        • Criminal Law
        • Property Law
        • Torts
      • 2L/3L
        • Criminal Procedure
        • Evidence
  • Courses
    • 1L Prep Course
  • Solutions
    • Professors and Institutions
    Generic selectors
    Exact matches only
    Search in title
    Search in content
    Post Type Selectors
    Advanced Search | Notes Search
    Start My FREE 7-DAY Trial
    Log In
    StuddyBuddy Pro
    Apple
    Facebook
    Google

    Forgot Password?

    Forgot Password?

    Forgotten Password

    Cancel

    Generic selectors
    Exact matches only
    Search in title
    Search in content
    Post Type Selectors

    • Law Study Aids
      • Case Briefs
      • Lessons
        • 1L
          • Civil Procedure
          • Constitutional Law
          • Contracts
          • Criminal Law
          • Property Law
          • Torts
        • 2L/3L
          • Business Organizations & Associations
          • Criminal Procedure
          • Evidence
          • Family Law
          • Secured Transactions
          • Wills, Trusts & Estates
      • Outlines
        • 1L
          • Civil Procedure
          • Constitutional Law
          • Contracts
          • Criminal Law
          • Property Law
          • Torts
        • 2L/3L
          • Agency
          • Business Organizations & Associations
          • Conflicts of Law
          • Corporations
          • Criminal Procedure
          • Evidence
          • Family Law
          • Intellectual Property
          • Partnerships
          • Secured Transactions
        • Exam Prep Checklists
          • Access 1L Checklists
            • Civil Procedure
            • Constitutional Law
            • Contracts
            • Criminal Law
            • Property Law
            • Torts
          • Access 2L/3L Checklists
            • Agency
            • Criminal Procedure
            • Corporations/Business Entities
            • Evidence
            • Family Law
            • Partnership
            • Trusts
            • U.C.C. ART. 9
            • Wills
      • Refresher Courses
        • 1L
          • Constitutional Law
          • Contracts Law
          • Criminal Law
          • Property Law
          • Torts Law
        • 2L/3L
          • Criminal Procedure
          • Evidence Law
      • Exam Prep Pro
        • 1L
          • Civil Procedure
          • Constitutional Law
          • Contracts
          • Criminal Law
          • Property Law
          • Torts
        • 2L/3L
          • Business Organizations & Associations
          • Conflicts of Law
          • Criminal Procedure
          • Evidence
          • Family Law
          • Secured Transactions
          • Wills, Trusts & Estates
      • Multiple Choice Quizzes
        • 1L
          • Civil Procedure
          • Constitutional Law
          • Contracts
          • Criminal Law
          • Property Law
          • Torts
        • 2L/3L
          • Business Organizations & Associations
          • Conflicts of Law
          • Criminal Procedure
          • Evidence
          • Family Law
          • Secured Transactions
          • Wills, Trusts & Estates
      • Exam Prep Workshops
        • 1L
          • Civil Procedure
          • Constitutional Law
          • Contracts
          • Criminal Law
          • Property Law
          • Torts
      • Charts and Notes
        • 1L
          • Civil Procedure
          • Constitutional Law
          • Contracts
          • Criminal Law
          • Property Law
          • Torts
        • 2L/3L
          • Criminal Procedure
          • Evidence
    • Courses
      • 1L Prep Course
    • Solutions
      • Professors and Institutions
    Start My FREE 7-DAY Trial
    Log In Sign up
    StuddyBuddy Pro
    Apple
    Facebook
    Google

    Forgot Password?

    Forgot Password?

    Forgotten Password

    Cancel
    0
    To print, please Start a Free Trial or Log in.

    Confirm favorite deletion?

    Cancel Yes, Delete

    Torts Keyed to Epstein

    Bolton v. Stone

    Start Your Free Trial or Log in.

    Facts

    Plaintiff lived on a side street next to a cricket ground. She was at the gate in front of the house when she was struck on the head by a cricket ball. The ball that hit Plaintiff was one of the longest balls that had ever been hit at the grounds during the last forty years. The cricket ground was large enough for all practical purposes. The field was surrounded by a twelve-foot high fence. Witnesses testified that over a thirty-year period about six to ten balls had been hit onto Plaintiff’s Side Street. Plaintiff sued the home cricket club and all of its members. She alleged that the cricket grounds constituted a public nuisance. She separately alleged common law negligence. The trial court gave judgment to the Defendant on both the public nuisance and negligence counts. The Court of Appeal reversed the judgment on the negligence claim. Defendant then appealed to the House of Lords.

    Only StudyBuddy Pro offers the complete Case Brief Anatomy*

    Access the most important case brief elements for optimal case understanding.

    *Case Brief Anatomy includes: Brief Prologue, Complete Case Brief, Brief Epilogue

    • The Brief Prologue provides necessary case brief introductory information and includes:
    • Topic:

      Identifies the topic of law and where this case fits within your course outline.
    • Parties:

      Identifies the cast of characters involved in the case.
    • Procedural Posture & History:

      Shares the case history with how lower courts have ruled on the matter.
    • Case Key Terms, Acts, Doctrines, etc.:

      A case specific Legal Term Dictionary.
    • Case Doctrines, Acts, Statutes, Amendments and Treatises:

      Identifies and Defines Legal Authority used in this case.
    Start Your Free Trial or Log in.
    • The Case Brief is the complete case summarized and authored in the traditional Law School I.R.A.C. format. The Pro case brief includes:
    • Brief Facts:

      A Synopsis of the Facts of the case.
    • Rule of Law:

      Identifies the Legal Principle the Court used in deciding the case.
    • Facts:

      What are the factual circumstances that gave rise to the civil or criminal case? What is the relationship of the Parties that are involved in the case.
    • Issue(s):

      Lists the Questions of Law that are raised by the Facts of the case.
    • Holding:

      Shares the Court's answer to the legal questions raised in the issue.
    • Concurring / Dissenting Opinions:

      Includes valuable concurring or dissenting opinions and their key points.
    • Reasoning and Analysis:

      Identifies the chain of argument(s) which led the judges to rule as they did.
    Start Your Free Trial or Log in.
    • The Brief Prologue closes the case brief with important forward-looking discussion and includes:
    • Policy:

      Identifies the Policy if any that has been established by the case.
    • Court Direction:

      Shares where the Court went from here for this case.
    Start Your Free Trial or Log in.

    Case Quiz

    Retake Attempts
    Question 1 of 3

    Results

    0 of 3 Questions answered correctly.

    Results

    Quiz complete. Results are being recorded.
    Q.1 - In Bolton v. Stone, the House of Lords determined that the probability of harm was too low to impose liability. Suppose a contemporary U.S. court were to apply the Bolton standard in a negligence claim involving an autonomous vehicle that, despite a 99.999% safety record, malfunctioned once in ten million miles and injured a pedestrian. Which of the following best applies the Bolton reasoning to determine liability?
    Start Your Free Trial or Log in.
    Incorrect. Incorrect—foreseeability alone is not enough under Bolton, but strict liability does not require a probability analysis.
    Correct! Strict liability in product liability cases removes the need for probabilistic risk assessment that Bolton applies to negligence claims. Unlike negligence, strict liability does not require a showing of foreseeability and probability.
    Incorrect. Incorrect—While Bolton requires both a low probability and unreasonable precautions, this scenario involves strict liability, not negligence.
    Incorrect. Incorrect—Bolton applies beyond sports; the issue here is differentiating negligence from strict liability.
    Q.2 - The House of Lords in Bolton v. Stone held that a remote and highly improbable risk does not establish a duty of care. In light of this, how does Bolton interact with the Eggshell Skull Rule in cases where a plaintiff suffers extreme, unforeseeable harm from a rare event?
    Start Your Free Trial or Log in.
    Incorrect. Incorrect—While Bolton and the Eggshell Skull Rule cover different aspects of liability, the Eggshell Skull Rule actually overrides foreseeability in damages.
    Incorrect. Incorrect—Bolton does not restrict the Eggshell Skull Rule; it merely defines when duty arises, whereas the Eggshell Skull Rule applies after duty is found.
    Correct! The Eggshell Skull Rule supersedes Bolton once duty is established—if a defendant’s negligence is proven, the extent of harm becomes irrelevant, even if the injury is far greater than anticipated.
    Incorrect. Incorrect—The Eggshell Skull Rule is not erased by Bolton—it applies once liability is established, regardless of foreseeability.
    Q.3 - In its application of negligence, Bolton v. Stone implicitly rejects which of the following theoretical frameworks most strongly?
    Start Your Free Trial or Log in.
    Incorrect. Incorrect—Bolton does not reject corrective justice outright; it limits its scope by requiring a threshold of foreseeability.
    Incorrect. Incorrect—The ruling actually aligns with law and economics because it prevents excessive liability for highly improbable events.
    Incorrect. Incorrect—The ruling explicitly rejects strict liability, but it does not "implicitly reject" it—it directly opposes it.
    Incorrect. Bolton rejects utilitarianism by prioritizing fairness and individual legal responsibility over an efficiency-maximizing approach. The ruling does not weigh aggregate social benefits but focuses on protecting defendants from undue liability.

    Topic Resources

    ™ CaseCast

    Melissa A. Hale

    ProfessorMelissa A. Hale

    CaseCast™ "What you need to know"

    CaseCast™ –  "What you need to know"

    play_circle_filled
    pause_circle_filled
    Bolton v. Stone
    volume_down
    volume_up
    volume_off
    To continue listening to this CaseCast™ please Subscribe

    Topic Video

    Bolton v. Stone5m 51s
    See complete Lesson, Quizzes and More

    Status:

    Your Law School
    Success Begins Here

    • Case Briefs - the Socratic Savior! – Best in class and Largest Library of complete I.R.A.C. / C.R.E.A.C. Law School case briefs. Includes:
      • SmartBriefs® - Enhanced case briefs for optimal clarity
      • New Case Videos - Explained and Summarized for optimal case understanding
      • CaseCast® - Professor overviews of "What you need to know"
      • New MarginBrief® - A.I. - Powered for faster, more efficient case recall
    • Lessons - Professor delivered video for topic reinforcement
    • Outlines - Professor written - downloadable, amendable and includes test-taking tips and tools
    • New Case Quiz - Reinforce case principles, instantly scored
    • Refresher Courses - Quick course reviews with interactive exercises
    • Quizzes and Exams - over 5,000 Multiple Choice and Essay questions all Professor curated and answered
    • New My Reviewer™ - Instantly receive a Score, Critique and Feedback on your legal writing
    • Exam Prep Workshops - Delivered by Professors on how to disect, organize and answer law school exam questions
    • and so much more ...
    Start your FREE Trial

    Notepad Click anywhere in notepad to add a note

    Bolton v. Stone