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Criminal Law keyed to Dripps
United States v. Bygrave
Facts
In 1986, Bygrave (Defendant) tested positive for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and was subsequently treated at a naval hospital in San Diego, California. Despite being warned by physicians about the spread of the virus through sexual contact, Defendant maintained a sexually-active lifestyle with at least two partners. The first, Petty Officer “J” was not told by Defendant of his HIV status. Defendant and “J” engaged in regular, and often unprotected, sexual intercourse over the course of a year. Two years later, “J” tested HIV-positive. Defendant also had a sexual relationship with Boatswain’s Mate Third Class “C”. Defendant informed “C” of his HIV-positive status prior to the two engaging in any sexual acts. Despite the warning, “C” and Defendant engaged in consensual protected sexual intercourse on a regular basis, but not all occasions. Thereafter “C” also tested HIV-positive. Six months later, Defendant and “C” were married. Defendant was charged with two specifications (counts) of aggravated assault in violation of Article 128(b)(1) of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) and was tried by a general court-martial, military judge alone. Defendant was convicted on both counts. The Court of Criminal Appeals affirmed the judgment of conviction and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces granted review.
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