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Legislation and Regulation Keyed to Eskridge, 1st Ed.
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer
Citation:
343 U.S. 579 (1952)Facts
In late 1951, a labor dispute arose between steel companies and the United Steelworkers of America regarding terms for new collective bargaining agreements. After failed negotiations and mediation attempts, the union gave notice of a nationwide strike scheduled for April 9, 1952. Concerned that a steel production stoppage would jeopardize national defense during the Korean War, President Truman issued Executive Order 10340 on April 8, 1952, directing Secretary of Commerce Sawyer to seize and operate the steel mills. The President informed Congress of his action but Congress took no action to either approve or disapprove the seizure. The steel companies complied with the order under protest and filed suit challenging the constitutionality of the seizure. The government defended the action based on the President’s inherent powers as Chief Executive and Commander in Chief, arguing that the seizure was necessary to avert a national catastrophe. The case presented a fundamental question about the scope of presidential power in the absence of express statutory authorization.
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