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Constitutional Law Keyed to Choper
Yates v. United States
Citation:
354 U.S. 298 (1957)Facts
The defendants were leaders of the Communist Party in California who were indicted in 1951 for conspiring to violate the Smith Act. The indictment charged that from 1940 to 1951, they conspired to advocate and teach the duty and necessity of overthrowing the government by force and violence, and to organize the Communist Party as a group that would teach and advocate violent overthrow. The government’s evidence consisted largely of Communist literature, testimony about Communist teaching, and evidence of defendants’ membership and activities in the Party. The trial court instructed the jury that they could convict based on advocacy of violent overthrow as an abstract doctrine, without requiring that such advocacy be directed at inciting action. After a four-month trial, all defendants were convicted and sentenced to five years’ imprisonment and fined $10,000 each.
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