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    Contracts Keyed to Calamari

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    Contracts Keyed to WhaleyContracts Keyed to KuneyContracts Keyed to Marshall

    Wood v. Boynton

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    Facts

    The Defendants, Boynton and another (the “Defendants”), are partners in the jewelry business. The Plaintiff, Wood (the “Plaintiff”), was the owner of a small stone on or before December 8, 1883. The Plaintiff did not know what the exact type of the stone was or the value of the stone. The Plaintiff was under the impression that it was topaz and Boynton agreed it probably was. The Plaintiff sold the stone to the Defendants for $1. After the transaction, it was determined that the stone was a rough diamond worth about $700. Boynton said that when he bought the stone he had never seen an uncut diamond and he did not think the stone was a diamond. After learning of the stones true value, the Plaintiff gave the Defendants $1 plus 10 cents interest and demanded the return of the stone. The Defendants refused to return the stone and the Plaintiff commenced this lawsuit.

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    Case Quiz

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    Q.1 - Which doctrinal characterization best explains the court’s refusal to rescind the sale?
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    Incorrect. There was no assent failure; both parties agreed to sell/buy the same physical object.
    Incorrect. The court rejected treating quality/value as an “essential” identity term.
    Correct! The court treated the deal as a sale of this particular stone under acknowledged uncertainty, which squarely frames the error as one of value/quality and allocates the risk to the seller absent fraud or warranty. This approach preserves transactional certainty and refuses equitable relief where parties knowingly contract in a state of ignorance.
    Incorrect. Mere expertise without misrepresentation or fiduciary duty does not create a duty to disclose.
    Q.2 - Which counterfactual is least likely to change the outcome (i.e., still no rescission) under Wood’s logic and closely related doctrines?
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    Correct! Silence paired with an “as is, no guarantees” posture, absent fiduciary duty or misrepresentation, maintains Wood’s allocation of risk and preserves the sale despite the buyer’s suspicions. The doctrine does not impose a general duty to disclose latent value in arm’s-length sales of a specific chattel.
    Incorrect. An affirmative false statement is fraudulent and would support rescission.
    Incorrect. A shared, specific misidentification transforms the case into mistake of identity.
    Incorrect. A fiduciary’s nondisclosure breaches duty and triggers equitable relief.
    Q.3 - Which precise factual pivot would convert the case from an unrescindable mistake of value into a rescindable mistake of identity?
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    Incorrect. Inadequate price alone does not justify rescission.
    Incorrect. Superior knowledge plus silence, without more, does not flip the case to identity mistake.
    Incorrect. Prompt tender back does not alter the underlying risk allocation.
    Correct! Making a specific description (e.g., “topaz, not diamond”) a basis of the bargain converts the uncertainty into an identity term, so the contract rests on a basic assumption that fails, supporting rescission. This aligns with the classic identity/value distinction and with modern “basic assumption” analysis in mistake doctrine.

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    Topic Resources

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