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Constitutional Law Keyed to Shanor
Wickard v. Fiburn
Citation:
317 U.S. 111 (1942)Facts
Congress passed the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (“Act”) to control the volume of wheat in commerce to avoid surpluses and shortages that lead to fluctuating wheat prices and obstruction to commerce. Among other provisions, the Act allowed the Secretary of Agriculture to impose a marketing quota on wheat farmers when it appeared that the total supply of wheat as of the beginning of the marketing year would exceed a normal year’s consumption and export by over 35 percent, and more two-thirds of the affected farmers voted in favor of the quota. The quota would be imposed even on farmers who do not intend to sell their wheat, and to use it for home consumption instead.
Filburn operated a small farm, on which he grew wheat that he sold and used to feed his livestock, to make flour for home consumption, to use for the next crop’s seeding, and to sell. His 1941 wheat crop exceeded the quota established under the Act for that year, and he was issued a penalty of $117.11. Filburn sought to enjoin enforcement against him of the marketing penalty, arguing it exceeded the scope of the Commerce Clause.
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