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Antitrust Keyed to Areeda, 8th Ed.
United States v. United Shoe Machinery Corp.
Citation:
110 F. Supp. 295 (1953)Facts
United Shoe Machinery Corporation was formed in 1899 through the merger of several shoe machinery companies. By the time of the case, United controlled approximately 85% of the shoe machinery market in the United States. The company operated primarily through a leasing system rather than selling its machines outright. United’s standard lease agreements contained several restrictive provisions, including a 10-year term, a “full capacity clause” requiring lessees to use United’s machines to full capacity, deferred payment charges upon return of machines, and bundled repair services without separate charges. If a shoe manufacturer wished to replace a United machine with a competitor’s machine before the lease expired, United imposed higher termination charges than if the customer were replacing it with another United machine. United also engaged in price discrimination between different machine types, setting higher profit margins on machines facing less competition. The company maintained an extensive research division and provided excellent service to its customers. While there was little evidence of customer dissatisfaction with United’s system, the court found that the leasing system created significant barriers to entry for potential competitors and made it difficult for existing competitors to expand their market share.
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