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Antitrust Keyed to Areeda, 8th Ed.
United States v. Aluminum Co. of America
Citation:
148 F.2d 416 (1945)Facts
Aluminum Company of America (Alcoa) was founded in 1888 and had been the dominant producer of aluminum in the United States since its inception. Initially protected by patents until 1909, Alcoa continued to maintain control of over 90% of the virgin aluminum ingot market in the decades that followed. The company expanded its operations vertically, controlling bauxite mining, alumina production, and aluminum fabrication. Alcoa argued that it faced competition from imported aluminum and “secondary” aluminum (recycled scrap), and that its dominance resulted from superior efficiency and business acumen rather than anticompetitive practices. The government alleged that Alcoa had engaged in various exclusionary practices, including preempting bauxite deposits and water power sites, suppressing competition, and engaging in a “price squeeze” against sheet aluminum fabricators by manipulating the price relationship between raw ingot and finished sheet aluminum. Additionally, the government challenged Alcoa’s relationship with Aluminum Limited, a Canadian company formed in 1928 to take over Alcoa’s foreign properties, alleging they coordinated to protect Alcoa’s domestic monopoly.
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