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Antitrust Keyed to Gavil, 5th Ed.
United States v. Aluminum Co. of America
Citation:
148 F.2d 416 (1945)Facts
Alcoa was founded in 1888 and initially secured a legal monopoly through patents until 1909. After its patents expired, Alcoa continued to be the sole domestic producer of virgin aluminum ingot. By the 1930s, Alcoa controlled over 90% of the virgin aluminum ingot market in the United States. The company had systematically expanded its production capacity, acquired bauxite deposits and water power sites, and engaged in various business practices that maintained its dominant position. These practices included a “price squeeze” where Alcoa set the price of raw aluminum ingot high enough that independent fabricators of aluminum sheet could not profitably compete with Alcoa’s own sheet manufacturing operations. The government also alleged that Alcoa participated in international cartels to limit imports into the United States. Throughout the period in question, Alcoa maintained that its dominance resulted from superior efficiency, foresight, and natural business growth rather than from anticompetitive conduct.
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