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Constitutional Law Keyed to Choper
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
Citation:
402 U.S. 1 (1971)Facts
The Charlotte-Mecklenburg school system was the 43rd largest in the nation, encompassing Charlotte city and surrounding Mecklenburg County, covering 550 square miles. In 1968-1969, the system served over 84,000 pupils in 107 schools, with approximately 71% white students and 29% Black students. Despite a previous desegregation plan approved in 1965, approximately 14,000 Black students (two-thirds of Black students in Charlotte) still attended 21 schools that were either totally Black or more than 99% Black. The district court found that residential patterns resulting in segregation were partly due to government actions, and school board decisions regarding school locations and sizes perpetuated segregation. After the school board failed to submit acceptable desegregation plans, the court appointed Dr. John Finger to develop a plan. His plan included rezoning, pairing and grouping of schools, and busing to achieve desegregation throughout the system.
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