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Constitutional Law Keyed to Stone
Roberts v. U.S. Jaycees
Citation:
468 U.S. 609 (1984)Facts
The United States Jaycees, founded in 1920 as the Junior Chamber of Commerce, is a nonprofit membership corporation with approximately 295,000 members in 7,400 local chapters. Its bylaws established different membership classes, with regular membership limited to young men between 18-35, while women and older men could only be associate members with limited rights. In 1974 and 1975, the Minneapolis and St. Paul chapters began admitting women as regular members, violating the national bylaws. The national organization imposed sanctions on these chapters and threatened to revoke their charters. In response, members of both chapters filed discrimination charges with the Minnesota Department of Human Rights, alleging that the exclusion of women from full membership violated the Minnesota Human Rights Act, which prohibits discrimination in places of public accommodation. The case ultimately reached the Supreme Court after lower courts disagreed on whether applying the Act to the Jaycees violated their constitutional rights of free speech and association.
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