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Constitutional Law Keyed to Choper
Regents of Univ. of California v. Bakke
Citation:
438 U.S. 265 (1978)Facts
The Medical School of the University of California at Davis developed a special admissions program that reserved 16 out of 100 seats in each entering class for “disadvantaged” students, primarily those from minority groups (Blacks, Chicanos, Asians, and American Indians). Under the regular admissions program, applicants with GPAs below 2.5 were automatically rejected, while others were evaluated based on interviews, grades, test scores, and other factors. The special admissions program operated separately, with its own committee primarily composed of minority members, and did not require the 2.5 GPA cutoff. Allan Bakke, a white male, applied to the Medical School in 1973 and 1974. Despite strong academic credentials (MCAT scores in the 90th percentile and a 3.46 GPA), he was rejected both times while minority applicants with significantly lower scores were admitted through the special program. In both years, Bakke’s scores exceeded those of all special admittees. After his second rejection, Bakke sued, alleging that the special admissions program excluded him on the basis of race in violation of the Equal Protection Clause, the California Constitution, and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
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