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    SmartBrief enables case brief popups that define Key Terms, Doctrines, Acts, Statutes, Amendments and Treatises used in this case.

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    Criminal Law Keyed to Capers

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    Criminal Law Keyed to KadishCriminal Law Keyed to Weaver

    People v. Acosta

    Citation:

    284 Cal. Rptr. 117 (1991)
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    Facts

    At 10 p.m. on March 10, 1987, Officers Salceda and Francis of the Santa Ana Police Department’s automobile theft detail saw Acosta in Elvira Salazar’s stolen Nissan Pulsar parked on the street. During the chase, Acosta ran stop signs and red lights, and drove on the wrong side of streets, causing oncoming traffic to scatter or swerve to avoid colliding with him. At the direction of the Costa Mesa pilot, the Newport Beach helicopter moved forward and descended while the Costa Mesa helicopter banked to the right. Shortly after commencing this procedure, the Costa 320Mesa helicopter, having terminated radio communication, came up under the Newport Beach helicopter from the right rear and collided with it. Both helicopters fell to the ground. Three occupants in the Costa Mesa helicopter died as a result of the crash. Menzies Turner, a retired Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) investigator, testified as an expert and concluded the accident occurred because the Costa Mesa helicopter, the faster of the two aircraft, made a 360-degree turn and closed too rapidly on the Newport Beach helicopter. He opined the Costa Mesa helicopter’s pilot violated an FAA regulation prohibiting careless and reckless operation of an aircraft by failing to properly clear the area.

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    Case Quiz

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    Q.1 - Which doctrinal principle best explains why the Acosta majority treated the helicopter collision as within the scope of proximate cause despite its extraordinary character?
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    Incorrect. The court did not claim helicopter crashes are “natural and probable.
    Correct! The majority applied a standard of whether the result was “highly extraordinary,” not whether the exact mechanism (helicopter collision) was foreseeable. This allowed liability despite the unusual sequence of events.
    Incorrect. Automatic liability for police response was rejected.
    Incorrect. FAA violations were relevant but not dispositive.
    Q.2 - In reversing Acosta’s murder convictions, what analytical distinction did the Court of Appeal emphasize between causation and implied malice?
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    Correct! The Court reversed because proximate cause was satisfied, but implied malice requires subjective awareness of the risk, which the evidence did not show. This distinction separates causation (objective) from culpability (subjective).
    Incorrect. This merges causation and malice improperly.
    Incorrect. Personal infliction is not required under implied malice.
    Incorrect. The reversal was substantive, not procedural.
    Q.3 - If Justice Crosby’s dissent had been adopted, how would the doctrine of proximate cause in pursuit-related deaths have shifted?
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    Incorrect. Crosby rejected the idea that police negligence is irrelevant.
    Incorrect. He did not accept general foreseeability.
    Correct! Crosby’s dissent would have narrowed causation by requiring foreseeability of the specific mechanism of death, not just general danger. This imposes a stricter limit on liability in pursuit cases.
    Incorrect. He did not bar all liability categorically.

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    Topic Resources

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    Topic Video

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    Topic Outline

    Elements of a Crime

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    Elements of a Crime: Causation

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