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Constitutional Law Keyed to Choper
NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co.
Citation:
458 U.S. 886 (1982)Facts
In March 1966, black citizens of Port Gibson and Claiborne County, Mississippi presented white elected officials with demands for racial equality and integration. After receiving an unsatisfactory response, they voted to boycott white merchants. The boycott was organized at NAACP meetings held at the First Baptist Church and was led by Charles Evers, Field Secretary of the NAACP in Mississippi. The boycott involved speeches, picketing, and publication of names of those who violated it. While the boycott was largely peaceful, some incidents of violence occurred, primarily in 1966, including shootings at homes, property damage, and physical confrontations with boycott violators. In 1969, following the shooting of a young black man by police, Evers gave speeches that included strong language about enforcing the boycott. In October 1969, seventeen white merchants filed suit against the NAACP, Charles Evers, and 144 other individuals, seeking damages for business losses during the seven-year boycott. The chancellor found all defendants jointly and severally liable for all losses, regardless of their individual involvement in any violent acts.
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