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Administrative Law Keyed to Popper
Morton v. Ruiz
Citation:
415 U.S. 199 (1974)Facts
Ramon and Anita Ruiz were full-blooded Papago Indians who left the Papago Reservation in 1940 to seek employment at the Phelps-Dodge copper mines in Ajo, Arizona, approximately 15 miles from the reservation. They settled in a community called “Indian Village,” populated almost entirely by Papagos. Despite living off-reservation, they maintained close economic and social ties with the reservation, spoke the Papago language, and were not assimilated into the dominant culture. In 1967, when the mine was shut down by a strike, Mr. Ruiz applied for general assistance benefits from the BIA but was denied solely because he did not live “on the reservation” as required by a provision in the BIA Manual. The Ruizes filed a class action against the Secretary, claiming entitlement to the benefits as a matter of statutory interpretation and challenging the eligibility provision on constitutional grounds.
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