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    SmartBrief enables case brief popups that define Key Terms, Doctrines, Acts, Statutes, Amendments and Treatises used in this case.

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    Property Keyed to Merrill

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    Jacque v. Steenberg Homes, Inc.

    Citation:

    563 N.W.2d 154
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    Facts

    The plaintiffs, Lois and Harvey Jacque, were an elderly couple, retired from farming, who owned roughly 170 acres near Wilke’s Lake in the town of Schleswig, Wisconsin. The defendant, Steenberg Homes, Inc., was in the business of selling mobile homes. In the fall of 1993, a neighbor of the Jacques purchased a mobile home from Steenberg. Steenberg determined that the easiest route to deliver the mobile home was across the Jacques’ land because the only alternative was a private road that was covered in up to seven feet of snow and contained a sharp curve. Use of the private road would have required that several sets of “rollers” be used to maneuver the home around the curve. Steenberg asked the Jacques on several occasions whether it could move the home across the Jacques’ land, but they refused each time. The Jacques were sensitive about allowing others on their land because they had lost property valued at over $10,000 to other neighbors in an adverse possession action a decade prior to this case.

    On the morning of the delivery, Mr. Jacque noticed the mobile home parked on the corner of the street adjacent to his property. He decided to find out where the movers planned to take the home, and the movers, who were Steenberg employees, showed Mr. Jacque the planned route that cut across his land. Mr. Jacque informed them it was his land they were planning to cut across, and that they did not have permission. The movers called the assistant manager who came to the Jacques home, and the Jacques called some of their neighbors and the town chairman, who all came immediately. Once everyone was present, the Jacques showed the assistant manager a map demonstrating the path they planned to take went across their land, and again indicated that Steenberg—did not have permission to cut across their land. The assistant manager then inquired how much money it would take to get permission, to which Mr. Jacque responded it was not a question of money, and that he did not want Steenberg to cross their land.

    One of the Steenberg employees testified that upon coming out of the Jacques home the assistant manager stated “I don’t give a ____ what he said, just get the home in there any way you can.” The Steenberg employees then blocked the road with the company truck blocking anyone from seeing the route they took. They used a bobcat to cut a path across the Jacques’ snow-covered field and hauled the mobile home across their land. The neighbor informed the Jacques that Steenberg had cut across their land, and Mr. Jacque then called the Sheriffs department, after interviewing the parties an officer issued a $30 citation to the Steenberg manager. The Jacques then filed suit.

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    Case Quiz

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    Q.1 - In authorizing punitive damages for intentional trespass absent measurable harm, the Wisconsin Supreme Court's reasoning in Jacque most significantly disrupts which core structural principle of common law tort theory?
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    Incorrect. A is incorrect because proximate cause was not in question — the trespass was intentional and direct.
    Correct! The Court’s decision disrupts the classic tort principle that liability must be anchored in compensable harm, instead elevating deterrence and symbolic vindication as freestanding grounds for a damages award.
    Incorrect. C is incorrect as foreseeability applies more to negligence than to intentional trespass.
    Incorrect. D is a categorical confusion — nuisance law is irrelevant to the issues in Jacque.
    Q.2 - The Jacque ruling arguably represents a shift in how property law conceptualizes landowner interests. Which theoretical framework best explains the Court’s willingness to treat exclusion as independently valuable, even without damage?
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    Correct! The Court’s emphasis on the right to exclude reflects Hohfeld’s analytic framework, recognizing it as a claim-right correlating to a duty in others not to intrude, irrespective of physical or economic damage.
    Incorrect. instrumentalism would likely reject enforcement of rights that produce no measurable benefit.
    Incorrect. C is incorrect because law and economics would typically favor efficient trespass, not punitive enforcement of formal rights.
    Incorrect. D is wrong as Benthamite positivism focuses on aggregate utility, which Jacque expressly subordinates to moral-legal entitlements.
    Q.3 - Viewed against the backdrop of trespass doctrine and punitive damage jurisprudence, what latent constitutional or jurisprudential concern arises from the Court’s ruling in Jacque?
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    Incorrect. A is incorrect because the Excessive Fines Clause applies only to criminal or quasi-criminal penalties, not civil tort awards.
    Incorrect. B is incorrect as punitive damages are historically within common law courts’ discretion and do not require legislative action.
    Correct! The Court’s willingness to uphold large punitive damages in the absence of harm raises questions under BMW v. Gore and State Farm v. Campbell about whether such penalties violate due process by failing to provide clear notice of exposure.
    Incorrect. property regulation here was purely state common law and unaffected by federal preemption.

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    Topic Resources

    ™ CaseCast

    Todd Berman

    ProfessorTodd Berman

    CaseCast™ "What you need to know"

    CaseCast™ –  "What you need to know"

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    Jacque v. Steenberg Homes, Inc.6m 55s
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    Topic Outline

    Damages

    Topic Refresher Course

    Trespass to Land

    Status:

    Your Law School
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