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Remedies Keyed to Tabb, 8th
International Union, United Mine Workers v. Bagwell
Citation:
512 U.S. 821 (1994)Facts
Petitioners, the International Union, United Mine Workers of America, and United Mine Workers District 28, engaged in a protracted labor dispute with Clinchfield Coal Company and Sea “B” Mining Company over alleged unfair labor practices. In April 1989, the companies obtained an injunction prohibiting various strike-related activities including obstructing access to facilities, throwing objects, threatening employees, placing tire-damaging devices on roads, and limiting picket numbers. Between May and December 1989, the trial court held eight contempt hearings, finding the union committed over 400 violations of the injunction, many violent. The court imposed a prospective fine schedule of $100,000 per violent violation and $20,000 per nonviolent violation, ultimately levying over $64 million in total fines. The court characterized these as civil and coercive fines, conducting proceedings before a judge without jury trial, though requiring proof beyond reasonable doubt. After the parties settled and jointly moved to vacate the fines, the trial court vacated $12 million payable to the companies but refused to vacate the remaining $52 million owed to the Commonwealth and counties.
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