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Constitutional Law Keyed to Choper
Freeman v. Pitts
Citation:
503 U.S. 467 (1992)Facts
DeKalb County School System (DCSS) had been under federal court supervision since 1969 when it was ordered to dismantle its dual school system. Between 1969 and 1986, the county experienced dramatic demographic changes, with the black student population increasing from 5.6% to 47%. The northern part of the county became predominantly white, while the southern part became predominantly black. Despite these changes, DCSS implemented various measures to promote integration, including a Majority-to-Minority transfer program and magnet schools. In 1986, DCSS filed a motion for final dismissal of the litigation, claiming it had achieved unitary status. The District Court found that DCSS had achieved unitary status in student assignments, transportation, physical facilities, and extracurricular activities, but not in faculty assignments, resource allocation, and quality of education. The court relinquished control over the areas where compliance had been achieved while maintaining supervision over the others. The Court of Appeals reversed, holding that a school district must achieve unitary status in all Green factors simultaneously before any judicial supervision can be withdrawn.
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