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Remedies Keyed to Kovacic-Fleischer, 8th
Board of Education of Oklahoma City Public Schools v. Dowell
Citation:
498 U.S. 237 (1991)Facts
Oklahoma City intentionally segregated schools and housing from statehood in 1907 through 1972. In 1963, the District Court found the city operated a dual school system based on race. Despite multiple attempts at remediation, the Board continued resistance to integration. In 1972, the court ordered implementation of the Finger Plan involving busing to achieve desegregation. In 1977, the District Court found the system had achieved unitary status and terminated active supervision but did not dissolve the decree. By 1984, demographic changes created burdens on young African-American children who had to be bused farther from inner-city homes. In 1985, the Board adopted the Student Reassignment Plan using neighborhood assignments for grades K-4, resulting in eleven of sixty-four elementary schools becoming greater than ninety percent African-American and twenty-two schools becoming greater than ninety percent white.
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