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Remedies Keyed to Kovacic-Fleischer, 8th
Adams v. Baker
Citation:
919 F. Supp. 1496 (1996)Facts
Tiffany Adams was a fifteen-year-old freshman at Valley Center High School in Kansas. The previous year, while in eighth grade, she competed on the junior high wrestling team and compiled a record of five wins and three losses. When she sought to try out for the high school wrestling team, she was prohibited solely because of her gender. The school district offered fifteen sports, with some available only to boys, some only to girls, and some coed. Superintendent Bob Neel made the final decision to exclude Adams after considering parental moral objections, potential sexual harassment lawsuits, safety concerns, Title IX regulations that do not require coed participation in contact sports, and potential disruption. Coach Carl Konecny testified that Adams had participated without major problems the previous year, though some boys refused to wrestle her and she received three wins by forfeit. The district’s justifications were based primarily on generalized assumptions about gender differences in strength rather than individualized assessment of Adams’ abilities.
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